Introduction to the Fundamentals of Biochemistry

The course "Introduction to the Fundamentals of Biochemistry" is designed as an interdisciplinary educational module primarily intended for students of the Faculty of Physical Education and Sport, Charles University. Its goal is to provide a systematic overview of the basic biochemical principles that form the scientific foundation for understanding the processes taking place in the human body during physical activity, recovery, and in the context of nutrition and supplementation.
The course focuses on the fundamental chemical and biochemical processes occurring at the level of cells, tissues, and organ systems. Students will become familiar with the structure and function of biomolecules, particularly proteins, carbohydrates, lipids, and nucleic acids. Emphasis is placed on the role of enzymes as catalysts of biochemical reactions and their importance in energy metabolism and adaptation to physical exertion.
The curriculum includes an overview of nutritional factors – macronutrients and micronutrients – with attention to their bioavailability, metabolic pathways, and physiological effects. Vitamins and minerals are discussed in detail, including their functions in the body, symptoms of deficiency, and risks of excess intake, especially in relation to athletic performance, recovery, and musculoskeletal health.
The course enhances understanding of the interactions between nutrition, biochemical processes, and physical activity. It enables students to comprehend the consequences of metabolic changes during exercise, adaptation to training, the effects of oxidative stress, and tissue regeneration. Students will be able to critically assess information about dietary supplements, trends in sports nutrition, and interventions aimed at supporting health and performance.
This course serves as an accessible introduction to biochemistry for students without an in-depth background in chemistry but who require a firm grasp of biochemical concepts.